金子般的10句话

听损儿童是最急需帮助也是最难提供帮助的群体，但可惜的是，很多家长仍存在一些错误的观念和做法，导致走了很多弯路，直接耽误了孩子的康复道路。

本期杨博士听力学工作室将儿童听力康复的关键点凝集为10句话，为孩子们的听力康复带去帮助。

1：1000个婴儿中大约有3个出生时就患有永久性听力损失（与中国患儿比例相当），这样的比例导致听力损失成为美国最常见的先天缺陷。（Ross et al., 2008）

【文献原文】Approximately 3 in 1,000 babies are born with permanent hearing loss, making hearing loss one of the most common birth defects in America. (Ross et al., 2008)

2：早期接受干预的听损儿童比晚期接受干预的的听损儿童的最终康复结果要明显好得多。

关于听障儿童康复的干预理念，国际上提倡著名的1，3，6三早康复原则：早发现（出生后1个月内），早诊断（出生后3个月内），早干预（出生后6个月内）（Yoshinaga-Itano & Apuzzo, 1998; Yoshinaga-Itano et al., 1998）

【文献原文】Children with hearing loss who begin early intervention earlier have significantly better developmental outcomes than similar children who begin intervention later. (Holt & Svirsky, 2008; Moeller, 2000; Nicholas & Geers, 2006)

3：对于听损儿童，出生后6个月内尽早干预与6个月后干预在语言的接收，表达乃至整体语言能力都有较大差异。出生后6个月内干预的儿童语言能力要明显好于6个月后才干预的儿童。

【文献原文】Christine Yoshinaga-Itano, Allison L. Sedey, Diane K. Coulter and Albert L. Mehl，2006：Language of Early- and Later-identified Children With Hearing Loss

4：未被发现的轻度、单侧听力损失有可能导致孩子在言语及语言发展上的迟缓，甚至出现社会情感、行为问题以及学业上的落后。(Yoshinaga-Itano et al., 1998; Bess, 1985; Bess et al., 1988)

【文献原文】Left undetected, mild or unilateral hearing loss can result in delayed speech and language acquisition, social-emotional or behavioral problems, and lags in academic achievement. (Yoshinaga-Itano et al., 1998; Bess, 1985; Bess et al., 1988)

5：为新生儿或者幼龄儿童验配个人助听设备是一个持续的过程。对于刚开始使用助听设备2年的孩子来说，听力师应该至少每3个月要随访一次，在使用2年后，至少每4-6个月随访一次。(The Pediatric Working Group, 1996)

【文献出自】Fitting of personal amplification in an infant or young child is an on-going process. Minimally, an audiologist should see the child every three months during the first two years of using amplification and every 4-6 months after that time. (The Pediatric Working Group, 1996)

6：研究表明，相对于视觉，孩子们更喜欢并且更擅于利用听觉。(Sloutsky & Napolitano, 2003)

【文献原文】There is evidence that children prefer and encode auditory stimuli over visual stimuli. (Sloutsky & Napolitano, 2003)

7：大量研究表明，听觉是发展口语，阅读以及认知能力最有效的方式。

【文献原文】There is substantial evidence that hearing is the most effective modality for the teaching of spoken language, reading, and cognitive skills. (Cole & Flexer, 2007)

8：关键的语言学习时期是从出生到大约3岁的这段时间，此阶段的神经可塑性是最强的。

【文献原文】The critical language learning window is from birth to approximately 3 years of age when brain neuroplasticity is the greatest. (Sharma et al., 2002)

9：言语、口语、听觉的良好发展与对口语的重视是密不可分的。从1992年开始，90%的极重度听力损失儿童具备了可以理解口语的能力。

【文献原文】Better speech, spoken language and auditory outcomes are associated with greater emphasis on spoken language. Since 1992, over 90% of children with profound hearing loss developed intelligible spoken language. (Yoshinaga-Itano, 2008)

关于关键语言学习时期的最新研究表明，对于1岁以后才发现有听力损失的儿童，使用手语将不利于其口语发展。

【文献原文】Recent data indicates that use of sign language was detrimental for the development of spoken langauge for children identified with hearing loss after their first birthday. (Nittrouer, 2008)

话虽短，但句句醍醐灌顶，如果您可以马上行动起来，把文字变成现实，这11句话就会变成比金子更宝贵的财富，带给孩子们一个美好的未来。